Tổng hợp về phôi thai của Haeckel P4 - Về cuốn sách của Johanathan Wells ~ daihoivietnam

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Trích dẫn (i)

“Darwin wrote in The Origin of Species that Professor Haeckel «brought his great knowledge and abilities to bear on what he calls phylogeny, or the lines of descent of all organic beings. In drawing up the several series he trusts chiefly to embryological characters.» ” (Wells 2000:82).(ii)

If the implications of Darwin's theory for early vertebrate development were true, we would expect these five classes to be most similar as fertilized eggs; slight differences would appear during cleavage, and the classes would diverge even more during gastrulation.

(iii)

"Darwin himself noted that embryos must adapt to the conditions of their existence, and the earliest stages of vertebrate embryos show adaptation to widely varying amounts of yolk in their eggs."

Jerry Coyne, 2001. "Creationism by Stealth," Nature, 410, p. 475-476

(iv)
"Embryology organized its objects by making developmental series. Specimens, often
difﬁcult to obtain at desired stages, were collected and framed as embryos; some had
previously been interpreted in very different terms—for example, as children to come or
as waste material. The tiny and initially unprepossessing objects were transformed through
sequences of anatomical, microscopical, and artistic operations into clear images, of which
the most expensive conveyed some of the soft, translucent delicacy of the living material.
These procedures isolated embryos from other contexts, including connections to pregnant
women. The resulting pictures and models were arranged in developmental order, normal
representatives selected, and the series prepared for publication or display. This was far
from trivial even for the chick, the workhorse of embryological research; for the early
human embryos that anatomists mostly obtained from abortions (the youngest then known
were estimated at about two weeks old) it was extremely hard. Working out the relations
between the series for different species was even harder."
(v)
The fact of evolution is as well established as anything in science (as secure as the revolution of the earth about the sun), though absolute certainty has no place in our lexicon..” (Darwinism defined, the difference between fact and theory - Stephen Jay Gould)

(vi)

(1) they include only those classes and orders that come closest to fitting Haeckel's theory; (2) they distort the embryos they purport to show; and (3) most seriously, they entirely omit earlier stages in which vertebrate embryos look very different. (Wells 2000: 102)”